The Circular Ruins

‘The Circular ruins’ is a short story written by Jorge Luis Borges about a wizard who moves away from humanity to the circular ruins, an isolated location which is considered to hold magical power. The wizard is motivated to create a human being and he intends to do so by dreaming up the human.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Circular Ruins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To do so, the wizard starts sleeping and dreaming for prolonged periods on a daily basis where he imagines a young man who gradually gains wisdom and knowledge. Soon, the wizard begins to lose sleep to the point where he can no longer dream of the young man. The wizard therefore declares the first endeavor to create a human as a failure and decides to try again. After several attempts, he finally falls asleep where he initially dreams of an indistinct form which gradually becomes a clear image of a heart in subsequent nights. T he wizard continues to give detail to his young man form for many years until finally he feels that the form is complete upon which he requests the god Fire to give life to the form. Fire agrees and the form finally becomes just like a human and is sent to the real world to work in a secluded temple of the god Fire. Since the creation is not human, it is able to do astonishing deeds like walking through fire and on hot coal without being burnt. The creation becomes famous so much so that the wizard learns of these achievements and decides to visit the creation. When he arrives, the wizard walks into the flaming house of Fire and become aware of the fact that just like his creation, he too is not burnt by fire and realizes that he is also a creation of another dreamer. Discussion Jorge Luis Borges in ‘The Circular ruins’ articulates the prospect that reality is superlative, hence the conscious mind controls all the matter around it. The story takes an idealist approach t o realism by suggesting that ideas are just as powerful as reality. For instance, the idea of a rock is just as real as a material rock to a material person to a mind that identifies the idealized rock as real (Costa 78). The deeper meaning could therefore be that the mind has the power to expand and compress reality hence if the mind is incapable of connecting with reality more than what it is familiar with, what the mind then recognizes is the only pertinent reality (Bronstein 647). The wizard in ‘The Circular Ruins’ lives in the reality of ordinary men before he relocates to the ruins and he is regarded by others and views himself as a normal man (Asma 6). The wizard goes ahead to imagine another person only to realize later that he too is an idea.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Borges here implies that our existence as human beings could also be the thoug hts of a more powerful being and since we have no way of knowing, authority has to come from the being that allows us to understand our existence(Costa 81). Consequently, no one is completely certain that their reality including their mind and ideas is not just another person’s imagination which would make their imagination reality (Bronstein 654). In conventional and modern cosmology, dreams play a major role in enhancing communication between the conscious and subconscious mind as well as bridges the gap between the dream and the dreamer (Hagar 3). The meaning of the dream could be that the wizard was subconsciously longing for a son or a new invention (Asma 9). It is also possible that the wizard was indeed a dream which would mean that the dreamer was neither focused nor was he actually committed to his intentions though the Ego was willing(Hagar 4). The god Fire is of the essence in the rule of anatomy because he is the one that consequently forms reality out of the wiza rd’s imagination (Bronstein 659). However, it is in his second attempt that he is able to successfully create an individual through a more thorough and detailed process from the first (Asma 10). According to Hagar, the anatomy of the final creation has various meanings and interpretations the most profound being the importance of time in doing anything worthwhile (6). The first creation is created rather quickly when compared to the second being meaning some crucial aspects might have been overlooked. In addition, the detailed amalgamation of the second being perpetuates the meaning that carefully collected thoughts are potent and more likely to generate the expected results (Costa 85). One major advantage that this short story has over conventional philosophic prose is the ability of the author to connect emotionally with the reader. In doing so, cavernous meanings can be drawn from the dreams at both an anatomy and cosmology levels as well as form an idealistic state of min d (Asma 12). It is however apparent that the author meant for the reader to question his environment as well as his thoughts in order to ultimately understand his reality, identity and existence. Works Cited Asma, Matthew. Borges: Intruding on Reality. May 2002. Web. Bronstein, Catalina. Borges, Immortality and the Circular Ruins. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, Vol.83, No. 7, pp.647-660, 2002.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Circular Ruins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Costa de Renà ©. Humor in Borges. Michigan: Wayne State University Press, 2000. Print. Hagar, Salamon. Between Conscious and Subconscious: Depth-to-Depth Communication in the Ethnographic Space. Sep., 2002. Ethos, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 249-272. April 26, 2010: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3651873?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents This essay on The Circular Ruins was written and submitted by user Hiroim to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! essays

Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! essays Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! was the attack code name given to Japanese fighter pilots to use to signal the green light to commanders in prior to the bombing of Pearl Harbor. It is also the title of one of the beset films Ive ever seen. Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! is a film that describes the events leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. This film unlike any other Ive ever seen, presents a thorough balance of these events as seen by both the Japanese and United States side.. Most films, especially films about wars are projected through one set of eyes, usually with a slant towards the filmmakers nationality of choice. Tora ! Tora ! Tora ! allows the enemy to be seen as reasonable humans ( as much as war will allow) with calculated decisions to make from their point of view as opposed to a people marching throughout the Far East with reckless abandon. The Japanese were reeling under the U.S. and Britain oil embargo and were looking to seize the opportunity of their perceived Asian nationalism as the western powers were busy in Europe. The Japanese signed the Tri-Partite pact which in a sense put in motion Japanese aggression towards the U.S. From the beginning of the film, the directors allow the viewer the many clues to the historical acuteness of the film and the fair and balanced directoring. The film starts off with a changing of the guard of Commanders in Chiefs ( Incoming Yamamoto and outgoing Yoshida). While the film does not go in to background, this was due to the Japanese navy and army constant difference of military opinion. The actual changing of the guard also offers some clues to Japans rise to worldwide prominence. Im assuming the uniforms and protocol of the Japanese navy was somewhat authentic. If so, one can easily see striking U.S. and British military influence on the Japanese as they emulated these two powers as Japan was nation building. The dress whites worn by t...

Australia Mini Country Culture of Society Research Paper

Australia Mini Country Culture of Society - Research Paper Example The way this affects communication and the media is that the media can have more freedom to say what they think is the truth. Australia falls in the midrange in the power distance index, falling lower than that other developed countries such as the United States of America. For instance, Australia scores 36 on the power distance index as compared to the United States of America which scores 40 on the same scale. This is a much lower score, as compared to other countries, especially Arab countries such as Malaysia, Egypt and Philippines which score over 90 on the power distance index scale. According to Nisbett & Miyamoto (467-473) Asians and seem to engage in cultural practices in a different way than westerns who regard issues in a context-independent manner. The main reason why the power distance in Australia is low may be the fact that there is equality in wealth distribution in comparison with other states like the United States where the wealth gap in continually increasing, leaving a thin middle class and a large part of the population being poor while a small percentage owns much of the wealth. Australia also scores a 90 for individualism and a 61 for masculinity. As Ihator (38) says, this kind of individualism is most likely to be seen in first world countries like America and not in countries in Africa. Masculinity, as measured in the Hofstede’s Power Distance Index, is a measure of the factors that are considered to be masculine such as power, materialism, assertiveness, etc. According to Kimmel (90) society with a high masculinity score on the Hofstede’s Power Distance Index is an indication that males in that country are more likely to be more assertive on their rights and are more likely to have their own choices and not be dominated. These are people who are not easily affected by public opinion and are not likely to accept power roles are meted for them.  

What is Federalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Federalism - Assignment Example The second type of federalism cooperative federalism (1945-1969).This federalism saw the national government become integrated with the local and state governments, making it hard to differentiate where one type of governance starts and the other one stops. The third example of federalism is known as New Federalism (1969-present) and since 1970s, political scholars and leaders of the New Federalism have made arguments regarding the national government becoming very influential and that control should be returned to the states(Ilka,2005). The three factors that have allowed the concept of federalism to shape American political behavior include; political behavior which is an area of political action. This takes place outside the legal and formal organizations of government. Thus political behavior in this scenario is the behavior of groups and persons outside of the government who are struggling to take possession or influence the government. Following political behavior is political activity which is commonplace to all politics. Specific principles of political science may apply to both governmental organizations and political behavior. Finally the third factor that has allowed federalism concept to shape American political behavior is political culture, which is basically the pattern of orientation to political activity and finally sectionalism which is the ties that link together classes of contiguous states (Michael,

Business Strategy Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Strategy Assessment - Essay Example (Clark P. 2007) b) Ryan Air decided to buy aircrafts of the model Boeing 731 only. This reduced the company's inventory volume as less stock of spare parts was required to store. The pressure on crew training was also less and the maintenance staff could easily repair the aircrafts resulting into quick service. c) In order to reduce the landing costs, the company used airports like, Alghero (Sardinia) and Dinard (Brittany), which are not at all popular airports. These airports were looking forward to grow their business and thus offered competitive landing charges to Ryan Air. d) The company reduced the cost of outsourcing its services to third parties like travel agents for booking their flights. This helped the company to reduce cost by 10%-15%. So far the company facilitates only its official website and its own call center service for booking of the flights. e) Advertising is a vital part of growing business. Ryan Air reduced this cost as well by writing its low airfare captions on the aircraft body and relied more on the word-of-mouth advertising of the customers. 2. According to Michael Porter there are two basic kinds of competitive advantage- Cost advantage, where a firm delivers the same benefits as that of its competitors but at a lower cost, and differentiation advantage, where the competitive advantage of a firm lies in providing benefits that exceed those of the competitors. Among the positional advantages Ryan Air focused on cost advantage for reaping higher profits. Ryan Air's rival firms were British Airways and Ager Lingus and both airlines possessed higher financial position than Ryan Air. Moreover the company went into a rapid loss that called for its restructuring during 1991. Hence, focusing on differentiation advantage for increasing the firm's profit would have been a major mistake by Ryan Air. The company used its capability of rigorous cost minimization and introduced the surprisingly low airfares in the market. Thus the various measures of cost minimization by the company formed its distinctive competencies and helped the firm make a better place for itself in the industry. (Competitive Advantage, n.d.) Part 2 1. The decision tree above shows expected long-run profits of Lynne taking into account its decisions (square boxes) and the uncertainties (circles) in the economy. Lynee has two options before it: Staying in the present location Relocating to cheaper premises Hence both the decisions have a probability of .5. In both the situation it is faced with three different conditions of the economy and they have their respective probabilities of occurrence. In the aforementioned case, there are 6 distinct situations Lynne can face, Situation 1. Lynne stays in its present location and there is a downturn in the economy. Situation 2. Lynne stays in its present location and there is an upturn in the economy. Situation 3. Lynne stays in her present location and the economy remains the same. Situation 4. Lynne moves into a cheaper premise and there is

Ethical Analysis of Children on the Internet

Ethical Analysis of Children on the Internet Children on the Internet Abeer AlSouly Ghada AlFantookh   Naima AlRashed Overview: Many people may consider the Internet as the greatest invention ever created by man. No  doubt about that if we talked about how fast knowledge exchanging has become today, or  how easy can people communicate with each other globally. Also children nowadays practice  many activities on the Internet; the most popular ones are schoolwork, social networking and  online gaming. Children’s ability to access the Internet has grown rapidly. It has made our  life much easier and it has become an essential part of modern life. Even though the benefits of the Internet are countless, it may be considered as an extremely  dangerous environment for children because some of the Internet contents can’t be controlled  and uncensored. Also children are not fully aware of how horrible and devastating the  consequences could be. However, there is no universally accepted view of what is more important whether the  education of children or protection, which is also another challenge! Also the differences in  people’s cultures and geographical location in legal and social norms reflect the lack of  common agreement. In this report, we will discuss three main issues that raise the concerns about children on the internet: The possibility that children could obverse inappropriate content in the Internet. Contact with people who seek to abuse children. Privacy risk from game sites that ask children for extensive personal and family  Information for marketing purposes. Background and The Importance of The Internet: The evolution of the Internet in the last 3 decades has been hugely improved and nowadays  we rely on it in most of our daily needs. It’s both informative and entertaining medium. Some children use it to expand their horizon  and increase their knowledge and other use it just for fun. Also these activities doesn’t require the traditional desktop computer anymore, the platforms  has increased to handheld devices such as smart phones and tablets. The Internet doesn’t just improve children mental skills but also improves their imagination  and develops their interaction skills. The ways of using the Internet and the reasons differ from child to child according to the  child age and interests. Explanation of the issues: Despite the many benefits of using the Internet and its associated services among children  there are also risks, which they must be made aware of 1. In this report we will explain some  issues such as: The possibility that children could obverse inappropriate content in the  Internet (as in Networked Communications- Children Inappropriate Content section in the  course), contact with people who seek to abuse children and privacy risk from game sites that  ask children for extensive personal and family information for marketing purposes. The possibility that children could obverse inappropriate content in the  Internet: The term inappropriate content may vary across generations and across countries and  cultures. On the other hand, there is content that is considered in all cultures as inappropriate  for children, such as the depiction of graphic violence or sexual abuse, and encouragement to  harm ones self or others. Moreover, some content can be considered as illegal, such as  violent or sexual acts against children, and the promotion of racism and xenophobia. The  different types of inappropriate content and risks that children can encounter online is  classified based on the role of the child (as recipient, participant or as actor) and the motives  of the provider (commercial, aggressive, sexual and values-related). Children inevitably  encounter content such as pornography as it is widely available on the Internet. Child  pornography in particular has important implications and considered as one of the most  serious crimes on the Internet. Sexual content, like pornographic or sexual depictions, might  cause harm to children or lead them to personal contact with potentially dangerous strangers. Contacting with people who seek to abuse children: Speaking of contacting with people who seek to abuse children, ‘British investigators flew to  America to rescue a six-year-old-girl who was being repeatedly raped on video by her father  for the gratification of members of a highly secretive internet paedophile ring.’ And many  other stories like this one appear on a regular basis. Child abuse takes new forms, leaving  social workers and parents confused about new threats that may arrive with new  technologies. Contact offences can be committed by adults where an adult commits or seeks  to commit a sexual offence on a child. Historically most child sex abuse was by a family  member or from people in his social circles. On the Internet adults who may become  involved with sexually abusing children can locate them and make the initial contact using a  different interactive, communications technologies. Usually the adult and the child will  initially meet in an Internet chat room. Committed paedophiles are known to frequent chat  rooms that are popular with children such as chat rooms related to music, fashion, or sport. The paedophile may be very skillful in communicating with children, he shows himself to the  child as a nice guy or tries to become their special friend and persuades the child to leave the  public space and go off into a private chat room. The paedophile and the child can then  arrange to continue to communicate with each other in different ways. He will ensure that the  child does not keep any record of their conversations, as sooner or later he will seek to  sexualize the contact and conversations as part of the grooming process. The effect on  children of being sexually abused is almost deeply damaging both in the short and longer  runs. A child who knew that images or a record of their abuse were out there on the Internet,  might be worried that the image could reach their classmates, neighbors or other family  members. Alternatively the image could fall into the hands of other people who know them  and who might then use it against them. Children who have be en abused in front of a web  cam similarly could never be absolutely sure that they would not meet someone who might  have witnessed their abuse and recognize them in real life. Privacy risk from game sites that ask children for extensive personal and  family information for marketing purposes: Moreover on the issues of children on the Internet, the privacy risks from game sites that  arise from asking children for extensive personal and family information for marketing  purposes. Many corporations seeking to capitalize on this market create websites that offer  games, quizzes, chat environments, and advice in order to encourage children to provide their  personal information, which can then be used to target the children with advertising, For  example Kraft, which owns Lifesavers, are interested in kids because of their spending  power. Corporations Typically, these children’s sites play into their developmental needs in  order to encourage kids to talk about themselves. Many of these sites, like Tickle.com, use  personality tests to collect information from, and market to, individual girls. These quizzes  ask detailed questions about the child’s personality, preferences, hopes, and aspirations. Since  children have to register with the si te before they can access the quizzes, the marketer is able  to record the child’s responses linked to his or her first and last name, zip/postal code, email  address, gender, marital status, and level of education. This information can also be matched  against the data trail that the child generates as she surfs through the site, selecting articles,  chatting online and playing games. Tickle also uses the information they collect to target girls  with personalized advertisements. Analysis and Evaluation: Issue (1): â€Å"The possibility that children could obverse inappropriate content in the Internet† 1. Kantianism 1st formulation: Proposed Rule â€Å"Some people post graphic violence or sexual abuse or encouragement to harm  ones self or others† Universalize rule Everyone can post graphic violence or sexual abuse or encouragement to harm ones  self or others and everyone can see it. Result 1- Physiological harms to the children. 2- Children will try to apply what they see of encouragement to harm ones self or  others, which leads to death in some cases. 3- May lead them to personal contact with potentially dangerous strangers to talk  about what they had seen instead of talking with their parents. So, based on Kantianism first formulation this rule can’t be universalized which makes  it morally wrong. 2nd formulation: Proposed Rule â€Å"Some people post graphic violence or sexual abuse or encouragement to harm  ones self or others† Goal People who post these kinds of posts aim to gain fame and attention of others or satisfy  their physiological desires. Mean Since everyone can see the posts including children, innocent people who shouldn’t see  this content including children will become the mean to achieve their goal. Result So, based on Kantianism second formulation this rule is morally wrong. 2. Act Utilitarianism Proposed Rule â€Å"Some people post graphic violence or sexual abuse or encouragement to harm ones  self or others† Benefits 1. Sometimes this content may be used to increase the knowledge of the child about the  inappropriate actions and things to avoid. Harms 1. Physiological harms to the children. 2. Children will try to apply what they see of encouragement to harm ones self or  others, which leads to death in some cases. 3. May lead them to personal contact with potentially dangerous strangers to talk about  what they had seen instead of talking with their parents.   Result We can see above that harms overweigh the benefits, so, based on Act Utilitarianism this  rule is morally wrong. Our point of view: The theories above all agree that it is morally wrong that people post graphic violence or  sexual abuse or encouragement to harm ones self or others on the Internet. From our point of  view, we totally agree with this result since these posts will cause physiological harms to the  children, they will try to apply what they see of encouragement to harm ones self or others  which leads to death in some cases and may lead them to personal contact with potentially  dangerous strangers to talk about what they had seen instead of talking with their parents. We  actually think these posts will kill the childhood innocence. Issue (2): â€Å"Contacting with people who seek to abuse children† 1. Kantianism à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  1st formulation: Proposed Rule â€Å"People who seek to abuse children contact them on the Internet† Universalize rule Everyone can use the Internet to satiate their bad desires. Result 1- The Internet will become a dangerous place everyone is afraid of. 2- Crime in all of its forms is going to increase exponentially. 3- Trusted content will significantly decrease. So, based on Kantianism first formulation this rule can’t be universalized which makes it  morally wrong. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2nd formulation: Proposed Rule â€Å"People who seek to abuse children contact them on the Internet† Goal People who make this kind of connection aim to satiate their desires. Mean In this rule they use the children as a mean to satiate their bad desires. Result So, based on Kantianism second formulation this rule is morally wrong. 2. Act Utilitarianism Proposed Rule â€Å"People who seek to abuse children contact them on the Internet† Benefits No benefits. Harms 1. A child who knew that images or a record of their abuse were out there on the  Internet, might be worried that the image could reach their classmates, neighbors or  other family members; which will shake his/her self-confidence. 2. Children who have been abused in front of a web cam similarly could never be  absolutely sure that they would not meet someone who might have witnessed their  abuse and recognize them in real life; which may make them prefer the isolation and  hate the social life. 3. The image of the child’s abuse could fall into the hands of other people who know  them and who might then use it against them. Result We can see above that harms overweigh the benefits, so, based on Act Utilitarianism  this rule is morally wrong. Our point of view: The theories above all agree that it is morally wrong that people who seek to abuse children  contact them on the Internet. From our point of view, this result is absolutely right, since  these kinds of communication will harm the child, shake his/her self-confidence, make them  prefer the isolation and hate the social life, the image of the child’s abuse could fall into the  hands of other people who know them and who might then use it against them also, the  Internet will become a dangerous place everyone is afraid of, crime in all of its forms is going  to increase exponentially and finally trusted content will significantly decrease. Issue (3): â€Å"Privacy risk from game sites that ask children for extensive personal and family  information for marketing purposes†. 1. Kantianism à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  1st formulation: Proposed Rule â€Å"Game sites collect personal and family information from children for marketing  purposes† Universalize  rule Everyone can collect private information from children. Result 1- May result in child giving her/his parents’ credit card number or financial  information. 2- Crime in many of its forms is going to increase, since many of the private  information had been leaked. 3- Blackmail propagation. So, based on Kantianism first formulation this rule can’t be universalized which makes it  morally wrong. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2nd formulation: Proposed Rule â€Å"Game sites collect personal and family information from children for marketing  purposes† Goal People who collect these information aim to promote for their products or services in  order to increase their revenue. Mean In this rule they use the children as a mean to collect the personal and family  information needed for this promotion. Result So, based on Kantianism second formulation this rule is morally wrong. 2. Act Utilitarianism Proposed Rule â€Å"Game sites collect personal and family information from children for marketing  purposes† Benefits 1. Child would benefit from enjoying playing the games. 2. Some of these games may enhance his/her intelligence and his/her way of thinking. 3. Corporations will suggest the appropriate games based on the collected information  (ex: age, gender, interests, etc.) ; so both parties will benefit. Harms 1. Parents or any of the family members of the child will receive so many annoying  spam emails. 2. Corporations sell these personal and family information to other corporations without  the permission of the information’s owner. 3. Parents or any of the family members of the child may receive many annoying sales  or advertisements’ phone calls or SPIMs*. 4. All of the above wastes the target’s time, since the information had been collected  without his/her permission which means (s)he’s not interested in these  advertisements. * SPIM: Stands for Spam Instance Messaging. Result We can see above that harms overweigh the benefits, so, based on Act Utilitarianism  this rule is morally wrong. Our point of view: The theories above all agree that it is morally wrong to collect personal and family  information from children for marketing purposes. Also, from our point of view we agree  with this result, because the parents or any of the family members of the child will receive so  many annoying spam emails, their information will be exchanged between the companies  without their permission and they also will receive so many annoying sales or  advertisements’ phone calls. These things wastes so much time especially if the targeted  person is not interested in these advertisements. Summary and conclusions: To summaries, the Internet today has a very useful and important resources and a lot of  schools depend on it almost completely, but also there is no clear accepted view that will  everyone agree on when it comes to also protection. We had explained some issues such as: The possibility that children could obverse inappropriate content in the Internet which prove  to be morally wrong based on Kantianism, Act Utilitarianism and from our point of view,  contact with people who seek to abuse children and privacy risk from game sites that ask  children for extensive personal which prove to be morally wrong based on Kantianism, Act  Utilitarianism and from our point of view and family information for marketing purposes  which prove to be morally wrong based on Kantianism, Act Utilitarianism and from our point  of view. Eventually, we know that we can’t prevent the children from accessing the Internet; instead  we can apply parental control over what the children can access. Moreover, children should  be aware of the consequences of what their actions may lead to. Various laws have been  passed to protect the children nowadays such as; The Child Online Protection Act (COPA),  which was passed to restrict access by minors to any material, defined as harmful to such  minors on the Internet5 and the Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (COPPA)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"which was designed to limit the collection and use of personal information about children by  the operators of Internet services and Web sites†6. References:   [1] S. Livingstone, L. Haddon.(2009, Sep 30). Kids Online: Opportunities and Risks for  Children. (1st Edition). [On-line]. Available:  http://books.google.com.sa/books?id=aPsXzcjf9vMCprintsec=frontcoverdq=Kids+Online+bookhl=ensa=Xei=SeaBVLrSAcisU5fSgPAPredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=Kids%20Online%20bookf=false [Nov. 15, 2014]. [2] O’NEILL S (2002), Paedophile Squad Saves Girl, 6, from Rapist Father, Daily Telegraph,  3 July 2002, p. 7. [3] J. Carr. â€Å"child abuse, child pornography and the internet.† NCH (National Childrens  Homes) (Dec, 2003). [4] V. Steeves.(2006). â€Å"It’s Not Child’s Play: The Online Invasion of Children’s Privacy.†Ã‚  University of Ottawa Law Technology Journal. Available:  http://www.uoltj.ca/articles/vol3.1/2006.3.1.uoltj.Steeves.169-188.pdf?origin=publication_detail [Nov. 17, 2014]. [5] A. Carr. (2013, Feb 26). Child Protection. (1st Edition). [On-line]. Available:  http://books.google.com.sa/books?id=UwKfxyy_S2cCprintsec=frontcoverhl=ar#v=onepageqf=false [Dec. 5, 2014]. [6] â€Å"ChildrenS Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).† Internet:  http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/childrens-online-privacy-protection-act-COPPA.html, [Dec. 5, 2014].

Biology and Philosophy of Love :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Biology and Philosophy of Love What does it mean to love another person? This question is one that virtually every person has asked himself at some point; virtually every school of thought that exists has attempted to provide an answer of some sort. In this paper I will explain my own attempt at answering that question, from the perspective of an amateur philosopher; then I shall delineate the answers that some biologists have given. We shall see that, while at first these two sets of answers might appear to be quite different, there are in fact some interesting and notable similarities. I have heard many different accounts of what it is to love someone - to care truly for that person's best interest, to be willing to sacrifice one's own life for that person's well-being, and so on, the list is infinite. To be sure, these accounts all have a measure of validity; there are many different forms of love. However, there is one aspect that all of them have in common, which is the same point at which I think they fail to capture what it really is to love someone: they are too altruistic. Humans, it seems to me, are essentially self-centered creatures; and I do not intend that statement to have the extreme negative connotations that usually accompany the term "self-centered". I mean it in the most literal sense: humans are centered around the self. Much as we may try, the self is un-transcend-able. At this point in scientific and spiritual progress, we cannot ever truly experience anything through another person's frame of reference - all that we can know for certain is tha t which we think and feel. Thus, it makes no sense to speak of love as a sort of "leaving the self". How, then, are we to think about it? I offer this alternative: so as to avoid the mistake of treating love as a form of altruism, we should think of loving another person as the act of loving oneself through another person - in other words, we love the people that make us feel best about ourselves, that bring out the best in ourselves. It is important to note that by no means does this definition entail that we do not genuinely care about the people we supposedly love. We can see this as follows: by this definition, it is essential that